Heater



Feb. 27, 1945. 5 G. ANDERSON HEATER Filed Dec. 26, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet lFeb, 27, 1945 G. ANDERSON HEATER 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 26, 1942 uenn du [Ill I yllllll idw Feb. 27, 1945.

G. ANDERSON, 2,370,116

HEATER Filed Dec. 26, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Feb. 27, 1945UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HEATER 7 George Anderson, Chicago, Ill.

Application December 26, 1942, SerialNo. 470,155 7 v 8 Claims. (01. w t-91 The subject of this -inveiltiori'is a heater, that I has beendesigned more particularly as an orchard heater, but is also wel1adapted to serve the pur-' poses of a camp stove, or, by extending thesmoke stack through the roof, as a cabin heater, and in other situationswhere a small, compact, and easily assembled and disassembled airheating device is useful.

Among the objects of the invention I may mention the following:

To provide a heater of very simple construction and low cost; to providea heater composed of separable parts, not requiring the use of'screws orbolts, that can be assembled for service and taken down in a fewminutes; to provide a heater that will out fuel costs fully one-halfwith no diminution of efficiency as compared with known heaters of itsclass; to provide a heater that will burn oil or a solid fuel such ascoal, coke or wood with equal efii'ciency, and, when burning oil, willrequire no nightv refilling and no stack cleaning, but will beself-cleaning of soot and like carbon deposits; to provide a heater thatwill burn oil at a steady and uniformrate, practically unaffected bywind-conditions; and to. provide a heater that, in operation, willdeliver a very intense and constant heat through utilization-of allthree principles of conduction, convection and radiation.

Still further objects and attendant advantages of the invention will beapparent to those skilled in the art of heaters in general and orchardheaters in particular from the following detailed description of apreferred embodiment thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings,Whereheater. showing also, in vertical section, a fragment of an oiltank which supplies oil to the bottom of the heater proper;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical axial section, taken on the line 2-2 ofFig. ,1;

Fig. .3 is a fragmentary vertical section, taken on the line 3--3 ofFig. 2;

Figs.-4 and 5-are fragmentary horizontal sectio-ns taken on thelines4--4 and '5--5 respectively .of Fig. 2, viewed from beneath; v

Fig. 6 is amodification of the lower portion of Fig. 2, showing theaddition of a grate for burning solid fuel;;- v

Fig. 7 is a horizontal-sectionon the line '|1 of Fig. 2, throughadjacent portions of the heater and the fuel-tank, and showing the fuelpipe connection and its Valve for opening and cutting off the fuelsupply to the heater;

Fig. 8 is a vertical diametric section through the Figflis a frontelevation of the assembled.

bottom of the fuel burner pan-of the heater, taken on the line B8 ofFig. 2, and cutting lengthwise of the bottom. of a channelthat seats ametal pilot rod, said channel and pilot rod conducting theoil toapproximately the center of the burner pan where the inflowing oilbursts into flames;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged vertical section taken on the line 99 of Fig. 8;and

Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view illustrative of the principle involved inthe provision of the pilot rod on the bottomof the burner pan.

Referring to the drawings, the principal parts of the heater showntherein, from the bottom up, are a burner pan A, having a flat bottomadapted to rest on the ground, an annular hanger B de signed to adaptthe heaterfor the burning of solid fuel and forming the inner wall of adown draftv passage. 2. dome shaped combustion chamber.C surmounting andvertically spacedfrom the top edge of the burner pan A, a hood D that,-in cooperation with the contracted upper end portion of the combustionchamber 0, forms an annular duct for the inflow of secondary air, and astack E surmounting the open upper end of the combustion chamber.C. Allof these parts are separately made, preferably of a high grade durablesheet metal, and, when assembled, are vertically coaxial. On the topedge of the burner pan A is an external hollow head It), and attached tothe outer side of the side wall of the pan I 0 are a plurality ofbrackets l I (preferably three in number, spaced apart) that preferablyhave the shape shown in Figs. 2 and 6 and extend somewhat above the beadID. The combustion chamber C is formed on its lower end with anexternaldownwardly curved flange l2 that overlaps and rests on thebrackets l l, by which the lower open end of combustion chamber C isspaced vertically somewhat from the top edgeof the burner pan A toprovide an annular air intake mouth for the inflow of a downwardlydirected primary air draft into the burner pan A. This down draft flowsbetween the wall of the burner pan'Aand the adjacent Wall of the annularhanger B, as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 6. This hangerB is formed witha lateral .cxternalflange; l3 on its top edg that is separablyattachedto the flange I2 of the combustion chamber C by the means-bestshown in Figs..2 and 4, wherein l 4 designates each of a group of headedstuds thatare secured in the flange l2 andproject through keyhole slotsl5-in the flange |3. The heads of the studs 14 can pass thI'OlEh thelarge ends of the slots l5, but not the narrow ends. so thatgwhentheflanges l3 and 12 have been brought in contact, a slight turningmovement of the hanger B or the combustion chamber C locks the partstogether. When so locked, they are held against accidental separation bya backturning movement, by means of a locking stud I5 passed throughregistering hole in the flanges I2 and I3, as shown at the right of Fi2.

As shown in Figs. 2 and 6, the hanger B has an open lower end, but thelower end of the side wall of the hanger is curved inwardly as shown atI6 suificiently to form a ledge, On which may be seated a removablegrate G for use when burning solid fuel. The brackets II not onlysupport the combustion chamber C but also center the latter and thegrate G relatively to the burner pan.

The upper portion of the combustion chamber C is contracted, and to theouter side of the'contracted portion are spot welded or otherwiseattached a group of equally spaced brackets I! each formed with ashoulder I8 that seats the lower end of the flue or stack E. In thebrackets I! just above the shoulders I8 are small holes which registerwith similar holes in the lower end of the stack E, and through eachregistering pair of holes is inserted a headed stud I9, by

which the lower end of the stack E is separably attached to thecombustionichamber. It will be observed that the lower open end of thestack E encircles the contracted upper end of the combustion chamber Cwith clearance, and this provides an annular intake mouth for secondaryair to the stack.

The upper end of the hood D terminates in an integral collar that canslide downwardly over the tapered stack E, and comes to rest on thebrackets II. The collar 20 of the hood, when the latter has beenapplied, overlaps the heads of the studs I9 and thus prevents accidentalwithdrawal of the studs. the tapered contracted upper wall of thecombustion chamber C to form an annular draft passage for the secondaryair that communicates at its upper end with the aforesaid annular intakemouth for the secondary air to the stack.

The stack E has a deflector 40 supported therein by means of a bracket4| attached to the adjacent portion of the combustion chamber C.Positioned thus above the open upper end of the combustion chamber C thedeflector 40 causes the rising gases to be deflected toward the sides ofthe stack where they are mingled with the fresh air entering under thehood D.

When using ,oil as fuel, the grate G is, of

course, omitted, and a fuel tank T, preferably of substantial size tocontain enough fuel to supply the heater for several successive nightswithout refilling, rests on the ground adjacent to the heater, as shownin Fig. 1, and is, of course, equipped with a suitable cover 2 I. In thebottom of 'the tank T is a horizontal coil 22 (Fig. 7) com prising aboutfive feet of copper tubing, the inner end of which is open to the oiland outer end of which extends into a coupling 23 that is screwed onto athreaded nipple 24 of a valve casing 25 extending through the side wallof th'e'tank. Extending across the axial bore of the casing 25 is avalve 26 by which the oil flow is turned on or off. The outer end of thevalve casing 25 is connected to a supply pipe 21, the other end of whichpipe screws into a hollow boss 28 on the side wall of the burner pan A.

The bore 29 of the boss 28 registers with the outer end of a taperedV-shaped channel 30 formed in and radially of the bottom wall of the Thehood D cooperates with a burner pan A. This channel 30 is tapered bothlengthwise and widthwise, being widest and highest at its outer end andnarrowest and lowest at its inner end.

Lying on the bottom of the channel 30 is a solid metal, round pilot rod3| that may be attached to the bottom of the channel as by spot weldingor otherwise, as indicated at 32. The pilot rod 3| is of less diameterthan the bore 29, and the outer end of the pilot rod is beveled as shownat 33 to split the incoming stream of oil.

This arrangement of the pilot rod on the bottom of the burner pan A isone of the significant features of my invention that insures theeflicient and economical consumption of oil when the heater is used withthat kind of fuel. As indicated in full outline in the diagrammatic viewof Fig. 10, this pilot rod could be placed on the flat bottom. However,in the preferred embodiment I upset a portion of the bottom to provide achannel for the rod with the curved embankments disposed laterally onopposite sides of said rod. These embankments tend to accelerate thefunctioning of the rod, as a pilot for the oil toward the center of theburner pan, over what would be the case were the rod to be located on aperfectly flat bottom.

In either arrangement of the rod pockets 3| and 3|" are formed on theunderside of the rod between it and the contiguous portions of thebottom of the burner pan. In the preferred embodiment these pockets arereduced in size by the lateral upset portions of the pan bottom. However, this is compensated for by reason of the fact that the upwardlycurved approaches to the rod tend to facilitate the diversion of theswirling flames up away from the pockets, as indicated in the arrows inFig. 10. The advantage of such an arrangement is that the entering oilis piloted along the rod 3| toward the center of the burner pan A thusdelaying its ignition until it has passed some distance away from theentering bore 29.

The coil 22 is not indispensable, but is preferably used because itcreates what is known as a laminar flow of the oil, which is a uniformsteady flow, as distinguished from a more or less irregular andspasmodic flow, due to the friction of the oil on the walls of the coil.

As shown in Figs. 2 and 5, the depending flanges I2 of the combustionchamber are extended inwardly at their lower edges as shown at 34, andin the latter are cut notches 35 (or comparable portions of the flangemight be bent out) to permit the flange I2 to pass over brackets I I,following which the combustion chamber is given a slight turningmovement that brings the extensions 34 across the brackets II, so thatthe parts will not he accidentally separated by raising the combustionchamber.

To facilitate access to the interior of the heater when the latter isused with the grate G to burn coal, coke or wood, the side walls of thecombustion chamber C and the burner pan A arelocally flattened andimpressed to form door frames 36 and 31 to which are hinged upper andlower doors 38 and 39, the upper door serving to supply fuel to thegrate, and the lower door serving for the removal of ashes. Where theheater is designed to burn oil exclusively, the grate G and'the doors 38and 39 may, of course, be omitted.

A quick manner of assembling the parts of the heater is as follows:

The combustion chamber C is placed upside down on the floor or ground.If the grate G is to be'us'ed, it is then set, upside down, inth'ecombustion chamber. 'Thehanger -B is next'attached to the open endof the combustion chamber by passing the key-hole slots 15 over theheads of studs Hi to bring the flanges l2 and I3 into contact and thengiving the hanger a slight turn to lock the flanges together. The partsthus far assembled are then turned right side up, which causes the grateG to drop onto its annular seat It, as shown in Fig. 6. Next the headedpin 'l5' is inserted to lock the flanges l2 and [3 against relativeturning. The assembled parts B, C and G are then mounted on the burnerpan A by passing the flange l2 down over the brackets II and thenslightly rotating the flangeIZ to lock the combustion chamber to theburner pan. The stack E is then mounted on the brackets l1, the studs H?are inserted to lock the stack on the combustion chamber, and finallythehood D is slid down over the stack, with its collar 20 overlappingthe heads of studs 19, and the heater is then ready for service.

It will be observed that no screws or bolts are employed to attach theparts to each other. In stoves and heaters which in use are subjected tohigh temperatures, the elimination of boltsand screws is an advantage,because of the difliculty of removing such iastenings when they becomerusty and more or less warped by the heat.

The chief advantage on the combustion chamber C, With provision forentraining secondary air between the top of the combustion chamber andthe lower end of the stack, lies in the fact that the rising current ofsecondary air mainly the Wall of the stack and forms an insulation toprevent overheating and deformation of the stack, and also prevents theaccumulation of soot on the internal surface of the stack.

I have also found that the device illustrated in Figs. 7, 8 and 9 forconducting the infiowing oil to approximately the center of the bottomWall of the combustion chamber, is useful in preventing an accumulationof soot in the latter. The oil runs down between the sides of the pilotrod 3! and the side walls of the channel 30 and cracks into flames atthe inner end of the rod and channel, so that only a very light layer ofsoot is deposited on the central portion of the bottom wall of theburner pan, and any gumming and clogging of the bore 29 Where the oilsenters is entirel prevented.

The parts of-the heater ar preferably made from an alloyed metal of theCopper bearing type, which has proved to be the longest lasting and mostdurable sheet metal in its price class.

Variations and modifications in the details of structure and arrangementherein shown and described may be resorted to within the scope andcoverage of the claims.

I claim:

1. In a heater of the class described, the combination with a burner panhaving an open top, of brackets secured to the side wall of said pan andprojecting above its top edge, and a combustion chamber surmounting saidpan and formed with an outwardly and downwardly curved flange supportedon the tops of said brackets, said flange having an inward projectioncontinuous with its lower edge brackets and formed with notches tostraddle said brackets when applying said flange to said brackets,whereby, under a relative turning movement of said combustion chamberand burner pan, said chamber and pan are locked to each other.

of mounting the stack E 1 hugs the inner surface of adapted to underliesaid draft air passage 2. In a heater of the class described, thecombinationwith 'a'combustion chamber formed with acon'tra'cted openupperen'd portion, of brackets attached to the outer side of saidcontracted end portion and formed with shoulders, astac'k at its lowerend encircling said contracted end portion and stepped on saidshoulders, means iorseparably fastening said stack to said bracketscomprising headed studs passed through registering holes in said stackand brackets, and a removable hood having on its upper end a "collarslid'able down over said stack heads of said studs.

3. A heater of the class described comprising a substantially fiatbottom and imperforate side walls forming an open-top burner-pan whereinthe interior above said bottom is 'free "of internal obstructions, anopen-bottom combustion chamber of a diameter not greater than saidburnerp'an and having a materially restricted open-top, means forsupporting said combustion chamber on said burner-pan with itsopen-bottom in vertically spaced alin'ement with the open-top of saidburner-pan so as to provide an unobstructed air to a position coveringthe intake mouth extending around the entire perimeter of said parts andopening directly to the outside atmosphere, a hanger suspended fromaround the entire perimeter of said combustion chamber and extending asubstantial distance into said burner-pan and spaced inwardly from theside walls thereof so as to provide a downdraft air passage leading fromsaid air intake, and means for supplying fuel to said burner-pan.

4. A heater of the "class described comprising a substantially flatbottom and imperf-orate side' walls forming an open-top burner-panwherein the interior above said bottom is free of internal obstructions,an open-bottom combustion chamber of a diameter not greater than'sa'idburner:- pan and having a materially restricted open-top, means forsupporting on said burner-pan with its open-bottom in vertically spacedalinement with the open-top of said burner-pan so as to provide anunobstructed air intake mouth extending around the entire perimeter ofsaid parts and opening directly to the outside around the entireperimeter of said combustion chamber and extending a substantialdistance into saidburner-pan and spaced inwardly from the side wallsthereof so as to provide a down-' leading from said air intake, andmeans for feeding a film of oil radially onto the bottom of saidburner-pan.

5. A heater of the class described comprising a substantially flatbottom and imperforate side walls forming an open-top burner-pan whereinthe interior above said bottom is free of internal obstructions, anopen-bottom combustion chamber of a diameter not greater than saidburnerpan and having a materially restricted open-top, means forsupporting said combustion chamber on said burner-pan with itsopen-bottom in vertically spaced alinement with the open-top of saidburner-pan so as to provide an unobstructed air intake mouth extendingaround the entire perimeter of said parts and opening directly to theoutside atmosphere, a hanger suspended from around the entire perimeterof said combustion chamber and extending a substantial distance intosaid burner-pan and spaced inwardly from the side walls thereof so as toprovide a downdraft air passage leading from said air intake, a stacksurmounting and at its lower end encircling with clearance the upper endsaid combustion chamberatmosphere, a hanger suspended from of saidcombustion chamber to form an annular intake mouth for secondary air tosaid stack, and meansfor feeding a film of oil radially onto the bottomof said burner-pan.

6. A heater of the class described comprising a substantially flatbottom and imperforate side walls forming an open-top burner-pan whereinthe interior above said bottom is free of internal obstructions, anopen-bottom combustion chamber of a diameter not greater than saidburnerpan and having a materially restricted open-top, means forsupporting said combustion chamber on said burner-pan with itsopen-bottom in vertically spaced alinement with the open-top of saidburner-pan so as to provide an unobstructed air intake mouth extendingaround the entire perimeter of said parts and opening directly to theoutside atmosphere, a hanger suspended from around the entire perimeterof said combustion chamber and extending a substantial distance intosaid burner-pan and spaced inwardly from the side walls thereof so as toprovide a downdraft air passage leading from said air intake,'a stacksurmounting and at its lower end encircling with clearance the upper endof said combustion chamber to form an annular intake mouth for secondaryair to said stack, a downwardly and outwardly flared hood of a diametersubstantially equal to that of said combustion chamber secured to thelower end of said stack in concentrically spaced relationship andproviding an extended secondary annular draft passage surrounding theupper end of said combustion chamber and converging toward andcommunicating with said secondary air intake mouth, and means forsupplying fuel to said burner-pan.

'7. A heater of the class described comprising a substantially flatbottom and imperforate side walls forming an open-top burner-pan whereinthe interior above said bottom is free of internal obstructions, anopen-bottom combustion chamber of a diameter not greater than saidburnerpan and having a materially restricted open-top, means forsupporting said combustion chamber on said burner-pan with itsopen-bottom in vertically spaced alinement with the open-top of saidburner' pan so as to provide an unobstructed air intake mouth extendingaround the entire perimeter of said parts and opening directly to theoutside atmosphere, a hanger suspended from around the entire perimeterof said combustion chamber and extending a substantial distance intosaid burner-pan and spaced inwardly from the side walls thereof so as toprovide a downdraft air passage leading from said air intake, a solidfuel grate supported at the lower perimeter of said depending hanger,and means for supplying fuel oil to said burner-pan below said grate.

8. A heater of the class described comprising a substantially flatbottom and imperforate side walls forming an open-top burner-pan whereinthe interior above said bottom is free of internal obstructions, anopen-bottom combustion chamber of adiameter not greater than saidburnerpan and having a materially restricted open-top and a perimetricflange extending outwardly beyond and downwardly alongside of the openend of said burner-pan, means coacting with said flange for supportingsaid combustion chamber on said burner-pan with its open-bottom invertically spaced alinement'with the open-top of said burner-pan so asto provide an unobstructed air intake mouth extending around the entireperimeter of said parts and opening directly to the outside atmosphere,a hanger suspended from around the entire perimeter of said combustionchamber and extending a substantial distance into said burner-pan andspaced inwardly from the side walls thereof so as to provide a downdraftair passage leading from said air intake, and means for supplying fuelto said burner-pan.

GEORGE ANDERSON.

